Syria is a country in Southwest Asia, bordering Lebanon, the Mediterranean Sea and the island of Cyprus to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north. The modern state of Syria was formerly a French mandate and attained independence in 1946, but can trace its roots to the fourth millennium BC. Its capital city, Damascus, was the seat of the Umayyad Empire and a provincial capital of the Mamluk Empire.
Since 1963 the country has been governed by the Baath Party; the head of state since 1970 has been a member of the Assad family. Syria’s current president is Bashar al-Assad, son of Hafez al-Assad, who held office from 1970 until his death in 2000.
